Distinction criteria for fiscal torts

The myth of the distinction between classification and diagnostic criteria.

El mito de la distinción entre criterios de clasificación y criterios diagnósticos To the Editor: Over time I have become more and more surprised with the emphasis placed on courses and conferences that distinguish between criteria for classification and diagnosis. The argument is that the classification criteria have been designed to select patients who will be included in a clinical trial and...

Tumbling Giant: Germany’s Experience with the Maastricht Fiscal Criteria

Hormesis and toxic torts.

Policy implementation of hormesis has to date focused on regulatory applications. Toxic-tort litigation may provide an alternative policy venue for real-world applications of hormesis. Businesses and government entities, who are sued by individuals claiming to have been injured by exposure to very low levels of toxic substances may defend those cases by deploying hormesis to argue that such exp...

Virginia Torts Case Finder

Torts and innovation.

This Essay exposes and analyzes a hitherto overlooked cost of tort law: its adverse effect on innovation. Tort liability for negligence, defective products, and medical malpractice is determined by reference to custom. We demonstrate that courts' reliance on custom and conventional technologies as the benchmark of liability chills innovation and distorts its path. Specifically, recourse to cust...